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Livre et rapports

  • Widening the landscape of transcriptional regulation of green algal photoprotection
    • Arend Marius
    • Yuan Yizhong
    • Ruiz-Sola M Águila
    • Omranian Nooshin
    • Nikoloski Zoran
    • Petroutsos Dimitris
    Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2023, 14 (1), pp.2687 . Abstract Availability of light and CO 2 , substrates of microalgae photosynthesis, is frequently far from optimal. Microalgae activate photoprotection under strong light, to prevent oxidative damage, and the CO 2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) under low CO 2 , to raise intracellular CO 2 levels. The two processes are interconnected; yet, the underlying transcriptional regulators remain largely unknown. Employing a large transcriptomic data compendium of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii’s responses to different light and carbon supply, we reconstruct a consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network from complementary inference approaches and use it to elucidate transcriptional regulators of photoprotection. We show that the CCM regulator LCR1 also controls photoprotection, and that QER7, a Squamosa Binding Protein, suppresses photoprotection- and CCM-gene expression under the control of the blue light photoreceptor Phototropin. By demonstrating the existence of regulatory hubs that channel light- and CO 2 -mediated signals into a common response, our study provides an accessible resource to dissect gene expression regulation in this microalga. (10.1038/s41467-023-38183-4)
    DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-38183-4
  • Light-independent regulation of algal photoprotection by CO2 availability
    • Águila Ruiz-Sola M.
    • Flori Serena
    • Yuan Yizhong
    • Villain Gaelle
    • Sanz-Luque Emanuel
    • Redekop Petra
    • Tokutsu Ryutaro
    • Küken Anika
    • Tsichla Angeliki
    • Kepesidis Georgios
    • Allorent Guillaume
    • Arend Marius
    • Iacono Fabrizio
    • Finazzi Giovanni
    • Hippler Michael
    • Nikoloski Zoran
    • Minagawa Jun
    • Grossman Arthur R
    • Petroutsos Dimitris
    Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2023, 14 (1), pp.1977 . Photosynthetic algae have evolved mechanisms to cope with suboptimal light and CO 2 conditions. When light energy exceeds CO 2 fixation capacity, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii activates photoprotection, mediated by LHCSR1/3 and PSBS, and the CO 2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM). How light and CO 2 signals converge to regulate these processes remains unclear. Here, we show that excess light activates photoprotection- and CCM-related genes by altering intracellular CO 2 concentrations and that depletion of CO 2 drives these responses, even in total darkness. High CO 2 levels, derived from respiration or impaired photosynthetic fixation, repress LHCSR3 /CCM genes while stabilizing the LHCSR1 protein. Finally, we show that the CCM regulator CIA5 also regulates photoprotection, controlling LHCSR3 and PSBS transcript accumulation while inhibiting LHCSR1 protein accumulation. This work has allowed us to dissect the effect of CO 2 and light on CCM and photoprotection, demonstrating that light often indirectly affects these processes by impacting intracellular CO 2 levels. (10.1038/s41467-023-37800-6)
    DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-37800-6
  • Synthesis of indazole-benzothiadiazole push-pull molecules as solid-state fluorescent compounds
    • Boujut Margot
    • Zheng Jean-Elie
    • Franck Xavier
    • Gallavardin Thibault
    ARKIVOC - Online Journal of Organic Chemistry, Arkat USA Inc , 2023, 2024 (2) . (10.24820/ark.5550190.p012.096)
    DOI : 10.24820/ark.5550190.p012.096
  • Scalable Generation of Pre‐Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids
    • Escudero Mélanie
    • Vaysse Laurence
    • Eke Gozde
    • Peyrou Marion
    • Villarroya Francesc
    • Bonnel Sophie
    • Boyer Louisa
    • Vieu Christophe
    • Chaput Benoit
    • Yao Xi
    • Deschaseaux Frédéric
    • Parny Mélissa
    • Raymond-Letron Isabelle
    • Dani Christian
    • Carrière Audrey
    • Malaquin Laurent
    • Casteilla Louis
    Advanced Science, Wiley Open Access , 2023, 10 (31), pp.e2301499 . Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming a global sociobiomedical burden. Beige adipocytes are emerging as key inducible actors and putative relevant therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health. However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. Unlike traditional bottom‐up engineering approaches that aim to generate building blocks, here a scalable system is proposed to generate pre‐vascularized and functional human beige adipose tissue organoids using the human stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissue as a source of adipose and endothelial progenitors. This engineered method uses a defined biomechanical and chemical environment using tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway inhibition and specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) embedding parameters to promote the self‐organization of spheroids in GelMA hydrogel, facilitating beige adipogenesis and vascularization. The resulting vascularized organoids display key features of native beige adipose tissue including inducible Uncoupling Protein‐1 (UCP1) expression, increased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and batokines secretion. The controlled assembly of spheroids allows to translate organoid morphogenesis to a macroscopic scale, generating vascularized centimeter‐scale beige adipose micro‐tissues. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing in vitro human beige adipose tissue models and facilitates broad applications ranging from basic research to biotherapies. (10.1002/advs.202301499)
    DOI : 10.1002/advs.202301499
  • Gas-particle partitioning of toluene oxidation products: an experimental and modeling study
    • Lannuque Victor
    • d'Anna Barbara
    • Kostenidou Evangelia
    • Couvidat Florian
    • Martinez-Valiente Alvaro
    • Eichler Philipp
    • Wisthaler Armin
    • Müller Markus
    • Temime-Roussel Brice
    • Valorso Richard
    • Sartelet Karine
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, European Geosciences Union , 2023, 332, pp.121955 . The higher concentrations of atmospheric particles, such as black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), detected in streets compared to the urban background are predominantly attributed to road traffic. The integration of this source of pollutant in air quality models nevertheless entails a high degree of uncertainty and some other sources may be missing. Through sensitivity scenarios, the impacts on pollutant concentrations of sensitivities related to traffic and road-asphalt emissions are evaluated. The 3D Eulerian model POLAIR3D and the street network model MUNICH are applied to simulate various scenarios and their impacts at the regional and local scales. They are coupled with the modular box model SSH-aerosol to represent formation and aging of primary and secondary gas and particles. Traffic emissions are calculated with the COPERT methodology. Using recent volatile organic compound speciations for light vehicles with more detailed information pertaining to intermediate, semi-and low-volatile organic compounds (I/S/LVOCs) leads to limited reductions of OM concentrations (10% in streets). Changing the method of estimating I/S/LVOC emissions leads to an average reduction of 60% at emission and a decrease of the OM concentrations of 27% at the local scale. An increase in 219% of BC emissions from tire wear, consistent with the uncertainties found in the literature, doubles the BC concentrations at the local scale, which remain underestimated compared to observations. I/S/LVOC emissions are several orders of magnitude higher when considering emissions from road asphalt due to pavement heating and exposure to sunlight. However, simulated concentrations of PM at the local scale remain within acceptable ranges compared to observations. These results suggest that more information is needed on I/S/LVOCs and non-exhaust sources (tire, brake and road abrasion) that impact the particle concentration. Furthermore, currently unconsidered emission sources such as road asphalt may have non-negligible impacts on pollutant concentrations in streets. ✩ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Admir Créso Targino. (10.5194/egusphere-2023-1290)
    DOI : 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1290
  • Chlorhexidine digluconate exerts bactericidal activity vs Gram positive Staphylococci with bioelectrocatalytic compatibility: High level disinfection for implantable biofuel cells
    • Berezovska Anastasiia
    • Meiller Anne
    • Marinesco Stéphane
    • Nedellec Yannig
    • Giroud Fabien
    • Gross Andrew J.
    • Cosnier Serge
    Bioelectrochemistry, Elsevier , 2023, 152, pp.108435 . Implanted devices destined for contact with sterile body tissues, vasculature or fluids should be free of any microbial contamination that could lead to disease transmission. The disinfection and sterilisation of implantable biofuel cells is a challenging and largely overlooked subject due to the incompatibility of fragile biocatalytic components with classical treatments. Here we report the development of a convenient "soft" chemical treatment based on immersion of enzymatic bioelectrodes and biofuel cells in dilute aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate (CHx). We show that immersion treatment in a 0.5 % solution of CHx for 5 min is sufficient to remove 10-6 log colony forming units of Staphylococcus hominis after 26 h while shorter treatments are less effective. Treatments with 0.2 % CHx solutions were ineffective. Bioelectrocatalytic half-cell voltammetry revealed no loss in activity at the bioanode after the bactericidal treatment, while the cathode was less tolerant. A maximum power output loss of ca. 10 % for the glucose/O2 biofuel cell was observed following the 5 min CHx treatment, while the dialysis bag had a significant negative impact on the power output. Finally, we report a proof-of-concept in vivo operation for 4 days of a CHx-treated biofuel cell with a 3D printed holder and additional porous surgical tissue interface. Further assessments are necessary to rigorously validate sterilisation, biocompatibility and tissue response performance. (10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108435)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108435
  • Wind power predictions from nowcasts to 4-hour forecasts: a learning approach with variable selection
    • Bouche Dimitri
    • Flamary Rémi
    • D’alché-Buc Florence
    • Plougonven Riwal
    • Clausel Marianne
    • Badosa Jordi
    • Drobinski Philippe
    Renewable Energy, Elsevier , 2023, 211, pp.938-947 . We study short-term prediction of wind speed and wind power (every 10 minutes up to 4 hours ahead). Accurate forecasts for these quantities are crucial to mitigate the negative effects of wind farms' intermittent production on energy systems and markets. We use machine learning to combine outputs from numerical weather prediction models with local observations. The former provide valuable information on higher scales dynamics while the latter gives the model fresher and location-specific data. So as to make the results usable for practitioners, we focus on well-known methods which can handle a high volume of data. We study first variable selection using both a linear technique and a nonlinear one. Then we exploit these results to forecast wind speed and wind power still with an emphasis on linear models versus nonlinear ones. For the wind power prediction, we also compare the indirect approach (wind speed predictions passed through a power curve) and the indirect one (directly predict wind power). (10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.005)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.005
  • The basolateral amygdala-anterior cingulate pathway contributes to depression-like behaviors and comorbidity with chronic pain behaviors in male mice
    • Becker Léa J.
    • Fillinger Clementine
    • Waegaert Robin
    • Journée Sarah
    • Hener Pierre
    • Ayazgök Beyza
    • Humo Muris
    • Karatas Meltem
    • Thouaye Maxime
    • Gaikwad Mithil
    • Degiorgis Laetitia
    • Santin Marie Des Neiges
    • Mondino Mary
    • Barrot Michel
    • Ibrahim El Chérif
    • Turecki Gustavo
    • Belzeaux Raoul
    • Veinante Pierre
    • Harsan Laura
    • Hugel Sylvain
    • Lutz Pierre-Eric
    • Yalcin Ipek
    Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2023, 14 (1) . While depression and chronic pain are frequently comorbid, underlying neuronal circuits and their psychopathological relevance remain poorly defined. Here we show in mice that hyperactivity of the neuronal pathway linking the basolateral amygdala to the anterior cingulate cortex is essential for chronic pain-induced depression. Moreover, activation of this pathway in naive male mice, in the absence of on-going pain, is sufficient to trigger depressive-like behaviors, as well as transcriptomic alterations that recapitulate core molecular features of depression in the human brain. These alterations notably impact gene modules related to myelination and the oligodendrocyte lineage. Among these, we show that Sema4a, which was significantly upregulated in both male mice and humans in the context of altered mood, is necessary for the emergence of emotional dysfunction. Overall, these results place the amygdalo-cingulate pathway at the core of pain and depression comorbidity, and unravel the role of Sema4a and impaired myelination in mood control. (10.1038/s41467-023-37878-y)
    DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-37878-y
  • Impact of Synoptic Wind Intensification and Relaxation on the Dynamics and Heat Budget of the South Senegalese Upwelling Sector
    • Chabert Pierre
    • Capet Xavier
    • Echevin Vincent
    • Lazar Alban
    • Hourdin Christophe
    • Ndoye Siny
    Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society , 2023, 53 (4), pp.1041-1067 . Abstract In addition to their well-known seasonal cycle, eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) undergo modulation on shorter synoptic to intraseasonal time scales. Energetic intensifications and relaxations of upwelling-favorable winds with 5–10-day typical time scales can impact the EBUS dynamics and biogeochemical functioning. In this work the dynamical effects of wind-forced synoptic fluctuations on the South Senegalese Upwelling Sector (SSUS) are characterized. The region geomorphology is unique with its wide continental shelf and a major coastline discontinuity at its northern edge. The ocean response to synoptic events is explored using a modeling framework that involves applying idealized synoptic wind intensification or relaxation to a five-member climatological SSUS ensemble run. Model evaluation against sparse midshelf in situ observations indicates qualitative agreement in terms of synoptic variability of temperature, stratification, and ocean currents, despite a moderate but systematic bias in current intensity. Modeled synoptic wind and heat flux fluctuations produce clear modulations of all dynamical variables with robust SSUS-scale and mesoscale spatial patterns. A mixed layer heat budget analysis is performed over the continental shelf to uncover the dominant processes involved in SSUS synoptic variability. Modulations of horizontal advection and atmospheric forcing are the leading-order drivers of heat changes during either wind intensification or relaxation while vertical dynamics is of primary importance only in a very localized area. Also, modest asymmetries in the oceanic responses to upwelling intensification and relaxation are only identified for meridional velocities. This brings partial support to the hypothesis that synoptic variability has a modest net effect on the climatological state and functioning of upwelling systems dynamics. (10.1175/jpo-d-22-0092.1)
    DOI : 10.1175/jpo-d-22-0092.1
  • Correction of the IRD Influence for Paleo‐Current Flow Speed Reconstructions in Hemipelagic Sediments
    • Stevenard N.
    • Govin A.
    • Kissel C.
    • van Toer A.
    Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union , 2023, 38 (3) . (10.1029/2022PA004500)
    DOI : 10.1029/2022PA004500
  • Chiral discrimination in helicity-preserving Fabry-Pérot cavities
    • Mauro L.
    • Fregoni J.
    • Feist J.
    • Avriller Rémi
    Physical Review A, American Physical Society , 2023, 107 (2), pp.L021501 . We theoretically study circular dichroism of chiral molecules embedded inside a helicity-preserving Fabry-Pérot cavity. We find an increase of the intrinsic chiroptical response of the molecules by 2 orders of magnitude and report the first clear signature of chiral cavity polaritons upon entering the regime of strong light-matter coupling. We study a cavity design based on two dielectric photonic crystal mirrors acting, in a narrow frequency range, as efficient polarization cross-converters in transmission for one polarization and almost perfect reflectors for the other polarization. We show that a Pasteur medium hosted inside such a cavity can couple efficiently to both the outside of the cavity and to the helicity-preserving mode, inheriting an enhanced chiral character. We expect such a device to be useful in the future to design ultrasensitive chiral sensors for optics and stereochemistry. (10.1103/PhysRevA.107.L021501)
    DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.107.L021501
  • Statistical Downscaling to Improve the Subseasonal Predictions of Energy-Relevant Surface Variables
    • Goutham Naveen
    • Plougonven Riwal
    • Omrani Hiba
    • Tantet Alexis
    • Parey Sylvie
    • Tankov Peter
    • Hitchcock Peter
    • Drobinski Philippe
    Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society , 2023, 151, pp.275-296 . Owing to the increasing share of variable renewable energies in the electricity mix, the European energy sector is becoming more weather sensitive. In this regard, skillful subseasonal predictions of essential climate variables can provide considerable socioeconomic benefits to the energy sector. The aim of this study is therefore to improve the European subseasonal predictions of 100-m wind speed and 2-m temperature, which we achieve through statistical downscaling. We employ redundancy analysis (RDA) to estimate spatial patterns of variability from large-scale fields that allow for the best prediction of surface fields. We compare explanatory powers between the patterns obtained using RDA against those derived using principal component analysis (PCA), when used as predictors in multilinear regression models to predict surface fields, and show that the explanatory power of the former is superior to that of the latter. Subsequently, we employ the estimated relationship between RDA patterns and surface fields to produce statistical probabilistic predictions of gridded surface fields using dynamical ensemble predictions of RDA patterns. We finally demonstrate how a simple combination of dynamical and statistical predictions of surface fields significantly improves the accuracy of subseasonal predictions of both variables over a large part of Europe. We attribute the improved accuracy of these combined predictions to improvements in reliability and resolution. (10.1175/MWR-D-22-0170.1)
    DOI : 10.1175/MWR-D-22-0170.1
  • Janus effect of the anterior cingulate cortex: Pain and emotion
    • Journée Sarah H
    • Mathis Victor P
    • Fillinger Clémentine
    • Veinante Pierre
    • Yalcin Ipek
    Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, Elsevier , 2023, 153, pp.105362 . Over the past 20 years, clinical and preclinical studies point to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a site of interest for several neurological and psychiatric conditions. The ACC plays a critical role in emotion, autonomic regulation, pain processing, attention, memory and decision making. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of the ACC in the emotional component of pain and its comorbidity with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Thanks to the development of animal models combined with state-of-the-art technologies, we now have a better mechanistic understanding of the functions of the ACC. Hence, the primary aim of this review is to compile the most recent preclinical studies on the role of ACC in the emotional component and consequences of chronic pain. Herein, we thus thoroughly describe the pain-induced electrophysiological, molecular and anatomical alterations in the ACC and in its related circuits. Finally, we discuss the next steps that are needed to strengthen our understanding of the involvement of the ACC in emotional and pain processing. (10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105362)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105362
  • Nucleosome patterns in four plant pathogenic fungi with contrasted genome structures
    • Clairet Colin
    • Lapalu Nicolas
    • Simon Adeline
    • Soyer Jessica
    • Viaud Muriel
    • Zehraoui Enric
    • Dalmais Berengère
    • Fudal Isabelle
    • Ponts Nadia
    Peer Community Journal, Peer Community In , 2023, 3, pp.e13 . Fungal pathogens represent a serious threat towards agriculture, health, and environment. Control of fungal diseases on crops necessitates a global understanding of fungal pathogenicity determinants and their expression during infection. Genomes of phytopathogenic fungi are often compartmentalized: the core genome contains housekeeping genes whereas the fast-evolving genome mainly contains transposable elements and species-specific genes. In this study, we analysed nucleosome landscapes of four phytopathogenic fungi with contrasted genome organizations to describe and compare nucleosome repartition patterns in relation with genome structure and gene expression level. We combined MNase-seq and RNA-seq analyses to concomitantly map nucleosome-rich and transcriptionally active regions during fungal growth in axenic culture; we developed the MNase-seq Tool Suite (MSTS) to analyse and visualise data obtained from MNase-seq experiments in combination with other genomic data and notably RNA-seq expression data. We observed different characteristics of nucleosome profiles between species, as well as between genomic regions within the same species. We further linked nucleosome repartition and gene expression. Our findings support that nucleosome positioning and occupancies are subjected to evolution, in relation with underlying genome sequence modifications. Understanding genomic organization and its role in expression regulation is the next gear to understand complex cellular mechanisms and their evolution. (10.24072/pcjournal.227)
    DOI : 10.24072/pcjournal.227
  • Unsymmetrical boron diketonates containing strong electron-donating groups as mechanochromic fluorescent solids
    • Mehiaoui Nawel
    • Leleu Stéphane
    • Kibou Zahira
    • Choukchou-Braham Noureddine
    • Franck Xavier
    • Gallavardin Thibault
    Dyes and Pigments, Elsevier , 2023, 208, pp.110829 . New π-conjugated unsymmetrical β-diketones were synthesized thanks to a modular synthetic approach involving in situ generated acylketenes through thermal degradation of 1,4-dioxin-2-ones. This method gave access to a family of new chromophores featuring either an indoline or a benzothiazole as electron-donating groups in one side and various aromatic moieties in the other side. After complexation with boron difluoride, BDK (Boron DiKetonates) compounds were obtained featuring fluorescence in non-polar solvents. These compounds were also found to be fluorescent in solid state with quantum yield up to 0.22, and their emission wavelength was very sensitive to their crystallinity. Two of these compounds were successfully recrystallized to provide small single crystals and emission spectra were recorded in crystal phase and ground state which showed mechanochromism with a spectral shift of 37 nm. (10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110829)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110829
  • Energy awareness and energy efficiency in internet of things middleware: a systematic literature review
    • Borges Caldas da Silva Pedro Victor
    • Taconet Chantal
    • Chabridon Sophie
    • Conan Denis
    • Cavalcante Everton
    • Batista Thais
    Annals of Telecommunications - annales des télécommunications, Springer , 2022, 78 (1-2), pp.115–131 . The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a myriad of physical deices, together with high heterogeneity in both software and hardware. Middleware platforms have been proposed in order to alleviate such heterogeneity, providing relevant services and easing application development. In IoT systems, energy consumption is a key concern due to the proliferation of devices and their limited battery capacity. IoT middleware platforms can play an important role in providing applications with strategies, and support, for energy awareness and energy efficiency. Although there is a significant existing body of work related to IoT middleware, there is, as yet, no complementary overview of the state of the art on how these platforms can contribute to energy efficiency and energy awareness in IoT systems. This paper provides such an overview in the form of a systematic literature review (SLR). The SLR was carried out by following a systematic, rigorous procedure to search, select, and analyze primary studies available in the literature. Our corpus, as presented in this paper, is made up of twenty-two such studies, each presenting strategies and solutions on middleware support for energy efficiency and energy awareness in IoT systems. These strategies mainly focus on network adaptation, task offloading, and concrete implementations. However, most of these studies do not consider energy-aware/efficiency abstractions, and focus on solutions working at the end-user application side. In conclusion, this paper also raises relevant challenges and potential directions for further research resulting from the main SLR findings. (10.1007/s12243-022-00936-5)
    DOI : 10.1007/s12243-022-00936-5
  • Offshore CO2 Capture and Utilization Using Floating Wind/PV Systems: Site Assessment and Efficiency Analysis in the Mediterranean
    • Keller Douglas
    • Somanna Vishal
    • Drobinski Philippe
    • Tard Cédric
    Energies, MDPI , 2022, 15 (23), pp.8873 . A methanol island, powered by solar or wind energy, indirectly captures atmospheric CO2 through the ocean and combines it with hydrogen gas to produce a synthetic fuel. The island components include a carbon dioxide extractor, a desalinator, an electrolyzer, and a carbon dioxide-hydrogen reactor to complete this process. In this study, the optimal locations to place such a device in the Mediterranean Sea were determined, based on three main constraints: power availability, environmental risk, and methanol production capability. The island was numerically simulated with a purpose built python package pyseafuel. Data from 20 years of ocean and atmospheric simulation data were used to “force” the simulated methanol island. The optimal locations were found to strongly depend on the power availability constraint, with most optimal locations providing the most solar and/or wind power, due to the limited effect the ocean surface variability had on the power requirements of methanol island. Within this context, optimal locations were found to be the Alboran, Cretan, and Levantine Sea due to the availability of insolation for the Alboran and Levantine Sea and availability of wind power for the Cretan Sea. These locations were also not co-located with areas with larger maximum significant wave heights, thereby avoiding areas with higher environmental risk. When we simulate the production at these locations, a 10 L s−1 seawater inflow rate produced 494.21, 495.84, and 484.70 mL m−2 of methanol over the course of a year, respectively. Island communities in these regions could benefit from the energy resource diversification and independence these systems could provide. However, the environmental impact of such systems is poorly understood and requires further investigation. (10.3390/en15238873)
    DOI : 10.3390/en15238873
  • The effect of spatial granularity on optimal renewable energy portfolios in an integrated climate-energy assessment model
    • Maimó-Far Aina
    • Homar Victor
    • Tantet Alexis
    • Drobinski Philippe
    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Elsevier , 2022, 54, pp.102827 . (10.1016/j.seta.2022.102827)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102827
  • Middle and Late Pleistocene evolution of the Ardèche Valley archaeological landscapes (France)
    • Genuite Kim
    • Voinchet Pierre
    • Delannoy Jean-Jacques
    • Bahain Jean-Jacques
    • Monney Julien
    • Arnaud Judicaël
    • Bruxelles Laurent
    • Moncel Marie-Hélène
    • Philippe Anne
    • Pons-Branchu Edwige
    • Revil André
    • Richard Maïlys
    • Jaillet Stéphane
    Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier , 2022, 297, pp.107812 . Most archaeological and palaeo-environmental archives are preserved in specific environments (buried sediments, rock shelters, cave environments). Hence, the information we can obtain is usually incomplete, and lacking spatial and morphological significance. Studying landscape evolution can help us to understand the location and distribution of past societies and their relation to Quaternary environments. In the Ardèche Valley, most Middle and Late Palaeolithic sites are preserved in caves and rock-shelters and in rare cases in fluvial sediments. Here we apply an integrated geomorphological approach to the study of the evolution of the Ardèche Valley combining multi-method dating, geomorphological mapping and surveys of cave and fluvial formations. We review chronological results obtained through multi-method dating (electron spin resonance (ESR), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), uranium-series (U-series), combined electron spin resonance/uranium-series (ESR/U-series)) on cave and riverine objects and combine them with topographic and stratigraphic observations in an integrated Bayesian hierarchical model. The results are in agreement with those obtained from other rivers in mountainous environment around the Mediterranean Sea and show sedimentation/incision phases that match the 100 ka glacial/interglacial cycles. The mean rate of river incision deduced from the established chronology for the Middle and Late Pleistocene period, 76 ± 7 m.Ma−1, shows adjustments to a moderate uplifting dynamic that shaped the main topographical features seen today in the landscape of the Ardèche Gorge. The spatially reconstructed alluvial features provide a palaeogeographic framework that can be used directly as a chronological and topographical constraint for archaeological research in the Ardèche catchment. (10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107812)
    DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107812
  • Structure of the human heparan sulfate polymerase complex EXT1-EXT2
    • Leisico Francisco
    • Omeiri Juneina
    • Le Narvor Christine
    • Beaudouin Joël
    • Hons Michael
    • Fenel Daphna
    • Schoehn Guy
    • Couté Yohann
    • Bonnaffé David
    • Sadir Rabia
    • Lortat-Jacob Hugues
    • Wild Rebekka
    Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2022, 13 (1), pp.7110 . Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides that mediate the interaction with a broad range of protein ligands at the cell surface. A key step in heparan sulfate biosynthesis is catalyzed by the bi-functional glycosyltransferases EXT1 and EXT2, which generate the glycan backbone consisting of repeating N -acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid units. The molecular mechanism of heparan sulfate chain polymerization remains, however, unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human EXT1-EXT2, which reveals the formation of a tightly packed hetero-dimeric complex harboring four glycosyltransferase domains. A combination of in vitro and in cellulo mutational studies is used to dissect the functional role of the four catalytic sites. While EXT1 can catalyze both glycosyltransferase reactions, our results indicate that EXT2 might only have N -acetylglucosamine transferase activity. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into heparan sulfate chain elongation as a nonprocessive process and lay the foundation for future studies on EXT1-EXT2 function in health and disease. (10.1038/s41467-022-34882-6)
    DOI : 10.1038/s41467-022-34882-6
  • Wasserstein Adversarial Regularization for learning with label noise
    • Fatras Kilian
    • Damodaran Bharath Bhushan
    • Lobry Sylvain
    • Flamary Remi
    • Tuia Devis
    • Courty Nicolas
    IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , 2022, 44 (10), pp.7296-7306 . (10.1109/TPAMI.2021.3094662)
    DOI : 10.1109/TPAMI.2021.3094662
  • Influence of Generated Defects by Ar Implantation on the Thermoelectric Properties of ScN
    • Burcea Razvan
    • Barbot Jean-François
    • Renault Pierre-Olivier
    • Eyidi Dominique
    • Girardeau Thierry
    • Marteau Marc
    • Giovannelli Fabien
    • Zenji Ahmad
    • Rampnoux Jean-Michel
    • Dilhaire Stefan
    • Eklund Per
    • Le Febvrier Arnaud
    ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS , 2022, 5 (9), pp.11025-11033 . Nowadays, making thermoelectric materials more efficient in energy conversion is still a challenge. In this work, to reduce the thermal conductivity and thus improve the overall thermoelectric performances, point and extended defects were generated in epitaxial 111-ScN thin films by implantation using argon ions. The films were investigated by structural, optical, electrical, and thermoelectric characterization methods. The results demonstrated that argon implantation leads to the formation of stable defects (up to 750 K operating temperature). These were identified as interstitial-type defect clusters and argon vacancy complexes. The insertion of these specific defects induces acceptor-type deep levels in the band gap, yielding a reduction in the free-carrier mobility. With a reduced electrical conductivity, the irradiated sample exhibited a higher Seebeck coefficient while maintaining the power factor of the film. The thermal conductivity is strongly reduced from 12 to 3 W·m–1·K–1 at 300 K, showing the influence of defects in increasing phonon scattering. Subsequent high-temperature annealing at 1573 K leads to the progressive evolution of these defects: the initial clusters of interstitials evolved to the benefit of smaller clusters and the formation of bubbles. Thus, the number of free carriers, the resistivity, and the Seebeck coefficient are almost restored but the mobility of the carriers remains low and a 30% drop in thermal conductivity is still effective (ktotal ∼ 8.5 W·m–1·K–1). This study shows that control defect engineering with defects introduced by irradiation using noble gases in a thermoelectric coating can be an attractive method to enhance the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. (10.1021/acsaem.2c01672)
    DOI : 10.1021/acsaem.2c01672
  • Profitability and Revenue Uncertainty of Wind Farms in Western Europe in Present and Future Climate
    • Alonzo Bastien
    • Concettini Silvia
    • Creti Anna
    • Drobinski Philippe
    • Tankov Peter
    Energies, MDPI , 2022, 15 (17), pp.6446 . Investments into wind power generation may be hampered by the uncertainty of future revenues caused by the natural variability of the wind resource, the impact of climate change on wind potential and future electricity prices, and the regulatory risks. We quantify the uncertainty of the economic value of wind farms in France, Germany, and Denmark, and evaluate the cost of support mechanisms needed to ensure the profitability of wind farms under present and future climates. To this end, we built a localised model for wind power output and a country-level model for electricity demand and prices. Our study reveals that support mechanisms are needed for current market conditions and the current climate, as well as under future climate conditions according to several scenarios for climate change and energy transition. The cost of support mechanisms during a 15-year period is evaluated to EUR 3.8 to EUR 11.5 billion per year in France, from EUR 15.5 to EUR 26.5 billion per year in Germany, and from EUR 1.2 to EUR 3.3 billion per year in Denmark, depending on the scenario considered and the level of penetration of wind energy. (10.3390/en15176446)
    DOI : 10.3390/en15176446
  • ToF-SIMS Li Depth Profiling of Pure and Methylated Amorphous Silicon Electrodes After Their Partial Lithiation
    • Feng Yue
    • Koo Bon Min
    • Seyeux Antoine
    • Światowska Jolanta
    • Henry de Villeneuve Catherine
    • Rosso Michel
    • Ozanam François
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society , 2022, 14 (31), pp.35716-35725 . Pure (a-Si:H) and methylated (a-Si0.95(CH3)0.05:H) amorphous silicon thin films were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) after partial lithiation. Depth profiling gives insight into the lithiation mechanism of the material enabling to study the detailed biphasic process in the first lithiation process. Lithiation induces swelling and roughening of the active layer. In both a-Si:H and a-Si0.95(CH3)0.05:H, no measurable Li diffusion was observed after stopping current-induced lithiation. After applying the same lithiation charges, distinct Li profiles were observed for these two materials. Unlike a-Si:H, the Li concentration drops slowly from the heavily lithiated region to the non-lithiated region in a-Si0.95(CH3)0.05:H. This apparent progressive transition between the lithiated and lithium-free regions is attributed to the presence of nanovoids inside the material. When their concentration is high enough, these nanovoids constitute favorable quasi-percolating paths for lithium during the first lithiation. A specific model was developed to simulate the Li depth profiles, fully supporting this hypothesis. (10.1021/acsami.2c08203)
    DOI : 10.1021/acsami.2c08203
  • Altiratinib blocks Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum development by selectively targeting a spliceosome kinase
    • Swale Christopher
    • Bellini Valeria
    • Bowler Matthew
    • Flore Nardella
    • Brenier-Pinchart Marie-Pierre
    • Cannella Dominique
    • Belmudes Lucid
    • Mas Caroline
    • Couté Yohann
    • Laurent Fabrice
    • Scherf Artur
    • Bougdour Alexandre
    • Hakimi Mohamed-Ali
    Science Translational Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) , 2022, 14 (656), pp.17 p. . The Apicomplexa comprise a large phylum of single-celled, obligate intracellular protozoa that include Toxoplasma gondii , Plasmodium , and Cryptosporidium spp., which infect humans and animals and cause severe parasitic diseases. Available therapeutics against these diseases are limited by suboptimal efficacy and frequent side effects, as well as the emergence and spread of resistance. We use a drug repurposing strategy and identify altiratinib, a compound originally developed to treat glioblastoma, as a promising drug candidate with broad spectrum activity against apicomplexans. Altiratinib is parasiticidal and blocks the development of intracellular zoites in the nanomolar range and with a high selectivity index when used against T. gondii . We have identified Tg PRP4K of T. gondii as the primary target of altiratinib using genetic target deconvolution, which highlighted key residues within the kinase catalytic site that conferred drug resistance when mutated. We have further elucidated the molecular basis of the inhibitory mechanism and species selectivity of altiratinib for Tg PRP4K and for its Plasmodium falciparum counterpart, Pf CLK3. Our data identified structural features critical for binding of the other Pf CLK3 inhibitor, TCMDC-135051. Consistent with the splicing control activity of this kinase family, we have shown that altiratinib can cause global disruption of splicing, primarily through intron retention in both T. gondii and P. falciparum . Thus, our data establish parasitic PRP4K/CLK3 as a potential pan-apicomplexan target whose repertoire of inhibitors can be expanded by the addition of altiratinib. (10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3231)
    DOI : 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3231