Livre et rapports

Optimizing fertilizer use for sustainable crops with Agrivoltaics in Mediterranean climates
- Rapella Lia
- Viovy Nicolas
- Faranda Davide
- Drobinski Philippe
npj Sustainable Agriculture, Springer Nature , 2026, 4, pp.3 . Agrivoltaics (AV), a fast-growing technology integrating photovoltaic panels with agriculture, can offer the dual benefit of clean energy and crop yield gains, especially in the Mediterranean basin. However, its interaction with fertilizers -key for crops productivity but major contributors to environmental degradation- remains unexplored. This study applies a regional AV model over the Iberian Peninsula (1991–2020) using the ORCHIDEE land surface model to assess AV under varying synthetic fertilizers scenarios. We examine its effects on crop productivity, nitrogen and water use efficiency, and fertilizer-induced greenhouse gas emissions. Results show that AV can enhance productivity and reduce environmental costs, particularly in water-scarce conditions. However, trade-offs arise at critical fertilizer levels varying by crop type and climate. A region-specific strategy that considers climate, crop responses, and environmental impacts is essential to optimize AV sustainability potential. (10.1038/s44264-025-00112-x)
DOI : 10.1038/s44264-025-00112-x
Ni-NbOx Bifunctional Catalysts for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of m-Cresol to Toluene
- Abreu Teles Camila
- Ciotonea Carmen
- Palacio Ruben
- Lopez Diana
- Royer Sébastien
- Richard Frédéric
Molecular Catalysis, Elsevier [2017, vol. 427-....] , 2026, 588, pp.115516 . The catalytic performances of a series of Ni supported on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) and niobia, as well as Ni-NbOx dispersed on SBA-15 were evaluated for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of m-cresol at 300 °C under atmospheric pressure. Under the reaction conditions, hydrogenation and C-C hydrogenolysis pathways yielding only oxygenated products dominated over the monometallic Ni catalyst. In contrast, the Direct DeOxygenation pathway (DDO) leading to toluene was significantly promoted when Ni was in contact with oxophilic NbOx surface. Tuning the Ni-Nb ratio on silica revealed a remarkable enhancement of the DDO rate constant. Indeed, the kinetic rate constant determined over 5Ni5Nb/SBA was about 11 times higher than that measured on the catalyst containing only the Ni phase. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the formation of well-dispersed Ni-NbOx interfacial sites, where the hydrogenation capability of Ni associate with the oxophilic character of Nb⁵⁺/Nb⁴⁺ species allowing to a more efficient activation of the C-O bonding and promoting the DDO reaction pathway. These results offer valuable insights for the rational design of selective catalysts for the transformation of lignin-derived bio-oils into aromatic hydrocarbons. (10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115516)
DOI : 10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115516
Inducing in operando chloride ion filtration through an electrocatalytic film architecture integrated with ZIF-8 nanosheets En route to seawater electrolysis
- Harvey Catherine
- Delacroix Simon
- Marchat Clément
- Gacoin Thierry
- Tard Cédric
Electrochimica Acta, Elsevier , 2025, 544, pp.147664 . Ameliorating direct seawater electrolysis to produce green hydrogen requires an advancement in the conception of material designs and electrocatalytic film architectures. Indeed, to complement the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, oxygen must be produced thanks to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Nevertheless, this kinetically slow reaction is in competition with the kinetically facile chlorine evolution reaction (CER). In this work, the entropic selectivity of the ZIF-8 MOF molecular sieving material and the high aspect ratio of a nanosheet morphology was probed to induce the in situ selective filtration of the undesired chloride ion towards the electrocatalyst surface, namely iridium nanoparticles interdispersed on Vulcan carbon. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of the nanosheets within the electrocatalytic film. This composite catalyst enabled a ~65 % drop in CER selectivity upon increasing the Zn/Ir molar ratio when evaluated at a disk current density of 3 mA/cm 2 at a chloride ion concentration of 10 mM. Further evaluating the CER selectivity at lower current densities along the disk indicated a near 95 % drop in CER selectivity at 500 mM chloride ion concentration, shown through rotating ring disk electrode experiments. A competitive absorbing mechanism was indicated and the unchanged kinetics of the CER suggests a decrease of the CER current due to an induced diffusional control. The development of a composite architecture enabling the in operando filtration of chloride ions seems promising towards producing hydrogen by direct seawater electrolysis. (10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147664)
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147664
Nexus approach to enhance water-energy-food security and ecosystems resilience under climate change in the Mediterranean
- Drobinski Philippe
- Rivera Ferre Marta
- Monem Mohamed Abdel
- Hatab Assem Abu
- Behnassi Mohamed
- Chfadi Tarik
- Cramer Wolfgang
- Debolini Marta
- Driouech Fatima
- El-Kenawy Ahmed
- García-Vila Margarita
- Guiot Joël
- Lamonaca Emilia
- López-I-Gelats Feliu
- Malek Žiga
- Papadopoulou Maria
- Santeramo Fabio
npj Climate Action, Springer Nature , 2025, 4 (1), pp.115 . The Mediterranean Basin, already a water-scarcity hotspot, faces intensifying droughts and warming that strain the water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) nexus. Climate impacts cascade across sectors, while siloed responses risk maladaptation. Nexus-based solutions—centred on water—can foster synergies and reduce trade-offs, with nature-based, socially inclusive, and clean energy strategies offering transformative potential. Yet governance, cooperation, and data gaps persist; closing these is vital to operationalize the nexus and advance regional sustainability. (10.1038/s44168-025-00308-4)
DOI : 10.1038/s44168-025-00308-4
Myomerger-derived peptide enhances skeletal muscle tropism and reduces liver transduction of lipid nanoparticles for gene delivery
- Ji Jacqueline
- Lipkow Eva
- Anton Nicolas
- Crucifix Corinne
- Eberling Pascal
- Laporte Jocelyn
Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, Elsevier , 2025, 37 (1), pp.102785 . Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are emerging as nonviral vectors for gene therapy; yet, their strong liver tropism and lack of tissue specificity remain limiting. Here, we developed, through rational design, a skeletal muscle-targeted delivery platform by functionalizing LNPs with MyomP1, an extracellular conserved peptide derived from the muscle-specific fusogenic protein Myomerger. MyomP1-LNPs were engineered to encapsulate plasmid DNA or mRNA. In vitro, MyomP1 conjugation significantly increased transduction efficiency in murine and human myoblasts and myotubes. In vivo, MyomP1-LNPs significantly enhanced muscle transduction when delivering DNA cargo, strongly reduced liver accumulation following intramuscular and intravenous mRNA delivery, and attenuated local immune activation. This work demonstrates a ligand-guided strategy to overcome organ-specific barriers in nonviral gene transfer, with improved safety and specificity. It suggests that MyomP1-engineered LNPs hold strong potential to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients with rare muscle diseases, offering a promising alternative to traditional viral gene therapy platforms. (10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102785)
DOI : 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102785
Stress dependence of the chemical potential of lithium in a silicon electrode
- Le Anh Tuan
- Bruant Xavier
- Phung Ngoc Tram
- Ozanam Francois
- Rosso Michel
- Guin Laurent
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Elsevier , 2025 . We report operando measurements and concurrent modeling of the stress dependence of the chemical potential of lithium in a silicon electrode. An experimental study is carried out on hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films in which the electrode stress state is modified operando during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation by applying an external mechanical load. During galvanostatic cycling, the electrode is periodically subjected to a tensile strain, inducing stress variations that are reflected in voltage changes. The measured stress-induced voltage changes are interpreted using a well-established chemomechanical model of lithium insertion in silicon. Comparison of voltage measurements with model predictions allows us to determine the concentration-dependent Young's modulus (from 29 GPa to 26 GPa with increasing lithium content) and some of the viscoplastic parameters of lithiated silicon. The calibrated model shows good predictive capability when applied to lithiation cycles performed at a C-rate different from that of the calibration cycle. However, it shows limitations in explaining voltage changes under delithiation. These results show that thermodynamically-consistent chemomechanical models of lithiation not only adequately describe the effect of lithium insertion and deinsertion on stress, as already shown in the literature, but also capture the reverse effect of stress on lithium insertion. In this respect, this work opens up new perspectives for the quantitative validation and calibration of existing diffusion-deformation theories, notably by highlighting their possible limitations. (10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106421)
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106421
Brown adipose tissue activity impacts systemic lactate clearance in male mice
- Montané Rémi
- Jeanson Yannick
- Lagarde Damien
- Khoury Spiro
- Porcher-Bibes Léana
- Nakhle Jean
- Sallese Marie
- Parny Mélissa
- Raymond-Letron Isabelle
- Huard Emma
- de Souza Raphael Alves
- Galinier Anne
- Pellerin Luc
- Sore Anne‐karine Bouzier
- Pradère Jean‐philippe
- Moro Cédric
- Casteilla Louis
- Yart Armelle
- Dray Cédric
- Portais Jean‐charles
- Ader Isabelle
- Carriere Audrey
The Journal of Physiology, Wiley , 2025 . Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is linked to metabolic health. Yet, how its activity states impact on systemic metabolism and in particular on lactate, a highly abundant metabolite increasingly recognized as a critical player in energy metabolism, remains unresolved. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of BAT activity on lactate metabolism at the whole organism level. To activate or inactivate non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT, we housed C57Bl6/J male mice at 4, 21 and 30°C and then conducted lactate tolerance tests. In mice exposed to cold exposure (4°C), systemic lactate clearance was elevated. In contrast, clearance of systemic lactate was poor in mice housed under thermoneutral conditions (30°C) that inactivate BAT thermogenesis, as well as in mice deficient for the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1. To better understand lactate metabolic fate during the clearance phase, in vivo stable isotope tracing experiments with labelled 13C-lactate and analyses by mass spectrometry were performed. These experiments revealed that lactate contribution to gluconeogenesis was increased under cold exposure while its contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle was reduced in BAT under thermoneutrality. Remarkably, we also identified that lactate entered a pyruvate cycling process that was highly active in BAT, and repressed at thermoneutrality. Our study shows that inactivation of non-shivering thermogenesis decreased systemic lactate clearance, concomitantly with changes in metabolic fate of lactate in BAT and in gluconeogenic organs, in male mice. (10.1113/JP288871)
DOI : 10.1113/JP288871
Distinguishing carriers' and lattice's temperatures through photoluminescence analysis
- Vezin Thomas
- Zhu Xiangyu
- Salhani Chloe
- Bescond Marc
- Hirakawa Kazuhiko
- Suchet Daniel
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, IOP Publishing [1989-....] , 2025 . We report the direct and independent measurement of the lattice and the electrons temperatures in a nanocooler device (asymmetric double-barrier semiconductor heterostructure) at different operating points. Both temperatures are estimated from photoluminescence measurements -the former through the shift of the absorptivity profile, the latter through the shape of the blackbody baseline. The device's cooling feature results from the thermionic extraction of electrons injected in a quantum well through an energy selective barrier. While electrons exhibit a spectacular cooling for resonant injection, the lattice temperature remains essentially unaffected, with a temperature decrease at the resolution limit. Further from resonance, both systems show an identical thermal behavior governed by Joule's heating. The similarities and discrepancies of the temperature profiles illustrate the complex thermal behavior of the system, epitomize the need of reliable thermometry method and showcase the ability of photoluminescence to do so. (10.1088/1361-648X/ae1178)
DOI : 10.1088/1361-648X/ae1178
Gold nanoparticles combined with ultrafine TiO 2 layer: a reliable probe for Raman thermometry
- Khitous Amine
- Molinaro Céline
- Rumyantseva Anna
- Kochtcheev Serguei
- Adam Pierre-Michel
- Bachelot Renaud
- Soppera Olivier
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Royal Society of Chemistry , 2025, 27 (38), pp.20817-20827 . Temperature determination methods in metal nanoparticles are essential for providing information on energy dissipation dynamics in such systems and for temperature-sensitive applications, hence the need for high-performance thermometry techniques is evident. In this study, we propose new efficient probes for Raman antiStokes-Stokes thermometry based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), prepared by thermal dewetting and controllably functionalized with a 2 nm TiO2 layer by the sol–gel method. AuNPs@TiO2 demonstrated good stability and a usable response over a temperature range from 25 °C to 240 °C generated by external thermal and thermoplasmonic heating of the sample. We validate the methodology by taking into account the spectral efficiency of the Raman spectrometer as well as the extinction properties of AuNPs@TiO2 in the calculations. This approach enables us to propose a reliable temperature measurement over two hundred degrees range. (10.1039/D5CP02372F)
DOI : 10.1039/D5CP02372F
Parallel evolution of salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from Cape Verde Islands
- Martínez Rivas Félix
- Wozny Dorothee
- Xue Zeyun
- Gilbault Elodie
- Sapir Thomas
- Rouille Melissa
- Ricou Antony
- Medina Joaquín
- Noël Laurent
- Lauber Emmanuelle
- Voxeur Aline
- Mazier Marianne
- Loudet Olivier
- Clément Gilles
- Jiménez-Gómez Jose
Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) , 2025, 11 (28) . Soil salinization poses a notable threat to agriculture. The Cape Verde Islands are located 600 km off the coast of Africa and are characterized by arid environments and high-salinity soils. Here, we find that Arabidopsis thaliana plants native to these islands accumulate glucuronyl-mannose that protects them from salt stress. We map the ability to produce this metabolite to an α glycosidase family 38 gene that we named GH38cv . Plants carrying mutant alleles of GH38cv do not present defects on growth, fitness, or biotic resistance under standard laboratory conditions but show better germination rates, longer roots, better hydric status, and higher fitness than nonmutated plants when exposed to salt stress. Notably, deleterious mutations in GH38cv have evolved independently on two separate islands within the Cape Verde archipelago, illustrating an example of parallel evolution for salt tolerance in this environment. Our findings reveal a knowledge-driven method to develop salt-resilient crops, which could be attractive to both conventional and organic agriculture. (10.1126/sciadv.adq8210)
DOI : 10.1126/sciadv.adq8210
Benzochalcogenodiazoles, Synthesis, and Applications in Medicinal Chemistry and Photomedicine
- Zheng Jean‐elie
- Franck Xavier
- Gallavardin Thibault
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag , 2025, 28 (23) . Benzochalcogenodiazoles (BXDs) (BOD: benzoxadiazole, BTD: benzothiadiazole, or BSD: benzoselenadiazole) are aromatic bicyclic compounds, containing chalcogen atoms, with applications ranging from material to medicinal chemistry. The recent developments in their preparation and functionalization are taking advantage of new methodologies such as CH activation and photocatalysis. After being almost restricted to organic semiconductor materials for optoelectronics applications, they are gaining more and more interest in medicinal chemistry as lipophilic aromatic fragments. Their unique optical properties make them attractive in biological imaging and in photomedicine, with emission up to the near‐infrared biological transparency window. The nature of the chalcogen atom influences their optical properties, with sulfur and selenium atoms favoring phototherapy over fluorescence. This review will not describe optoelectronic materials and fluorophores based on BXD but will focus on the preparation of BXD‐containing compounds, and their medicinal and photomedicinal applications. (10.1002/ejoc.202500228)
DOI : 10.1002/ejoc.202500228
Combining dynamin 2 myopathy and neuropathy mutations rescues both phenotypes
- Goret Marie
- Edelweiss Evelina
- Jehl Jérémy
- Reiss David
- Aguirre-Pineda Patricio
- Friant Sylvie
- Laporte Jocelyn
Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2025, 16 (1), pp.4667 . Mutations within a single gene can lead to diverse human genetic diseases affecting highly specialized tissues. Notably, dominant mutations in the DNM2 gene, encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin, lead to distinct neuromuscular disorders: centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT). CNM is characterized by myofiber structural anomalies while CMT presents peripheral nerve defects, both culminating in muscle weakness and atrophy. Despite their shared genetic origin, the mechanisms driving these diseases remain elusive, and no cure is available. Here, we present in vitro assays underlining opposing effects of DNM2 mutations, gain-of-function in CNM and loss-of-function in CMT. In vivo, we explored the potential compensatory effects of CNM and CMT mutations by breeding Dnm2 S619L/+ CNM with Dnm2 K562E/+ CMT mouse models. Dnm2 S619L/K562E offspring exhibit strongly improved motor coordination and muscle strength and mass, compared to single-mutant littermates. Dnm2 S619L/K562E mice present normalized muscle structure and nerve fiber organization. This study reveals that two distinct disease-causing mutations within the DNM2 gene compensate each other in vivo, leading to corrections of most individual phenotypes. The inverse modulation of DNM2 activity emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy to address CNM and CMT diseases. (10.1038/s41467-025-59925-6)
DOI : 10.1038/s41467-025-59925-6
Coordination bonds as a tool for tuning photoconductance in nanostructured hybrid materials made of molecular antennas and metal nanoparticles
- Marchenko Nataliia
- Martin Deborah
- Pham Adeline
- Abid Seifallah
- Cretal Eva
- Ibarra Alfonso
- Lagarde Delphine
- Tassé Marine
- Bonvoisin Jacques
- Rapenne Gwénaël
- Grisolia Jérémie
- Kammerer Claire
- Tricard Simon
Materials Horizons, the Royal Society of Chemistry , 2025, 10 (12), pp.3429-3435 . The synthesis of robust, versatile materials in which electrical conduction is enhanced by light irradiation is of prime importance for fields as varied as photodetectors, photodiodes, solar cells and light sensors. Hybrid materials offer the advantage of combining the robustness of an inorganic building block with the adaptability of a molecular subunit. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of properly investigating the nature of the chemical interactions between the constituent elements in order to optimize photoconductance within hybrid materials. To this end, platinum nanoparticle self-assemblies are synthesized in solution, including a series of zinc-porphyrins differentially functionalized with pyridine moieties in the meso position. The presence of coordinating groups on the molecular entities drastically reinforced both the structural cohesion of the system and its photoconductive properties. (10.1039/D4MH01327A)
DOI : 10.1039/D4MH01327A
Approaches for positioning the active medium in hybrid nanoplasmonics. Focus on plasmon-assisted photopolymerization
- Chen Minyu
- Marguet Sylvie
- Issa Ali
- Jradi Safi
- Couteau Christophe
- Fiorini-Debuisschert Céline
- Douillard Ludovic
- Soppera Olivier
- Ge Dandan
- Plain Jérôme
- Zhou Xuan
- Dang Cuong
- Béal Jérémie
- Kostcheev Sergei
- Déturche Régis
- Xu Tao
- Wei Bin
- Bachelot Renaud
ACS photonics, American Chemical Society , 2024, 11 (10), pp.3933−3953 . Over the past 20 years, hybrid plasmonics for nanoemitters of light or for nanoabsorbers, based on weak or strong coupling between metallic nanocavities and active media (emissive or absorbing entities), have given rise to important research efforts. One of the main current challenges is the control +of the nanoscale spatial distribution and associated symmetry of the active medium in the vicinity of the metallic nanoparticles. In this review, we first recall the main principles of weak and strong coupling by stressing the importance of controlling the spatial distribution of the active medium and present the main approaches developed for achieving this control. Nine different approaches are identified. We then focus our attention on one of them based on plasmonic photopolymerization and discuss the flexibility of this approach in terms of control of the spatial symmetry of the hybrid nanosystem metal−polymer nanoemitters and the resulting polarization dependence of the light emission. The different approaches are analyzed and compared with each other, and some future perspectives and challenges are finally discussed. (10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00868)
DOI : 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00868
Spatial distribution of the photopolymerization induced by localized surface plasmons: impact of the morphology of the Au nanoparticles
- Khitous Amine
- Molinaro Céline
- Abdallah Stephania
- Chen Minyu
- Marguet Sylvie
- Laurent Guillaume
- Vidal Loïc
- Malval Jean-Pierre
- Fiorini-Debuisschert Céline
- Adam Pierre-Michel
- Douillard Ludovic
- Bachelot Renaud
- Soppera Olivier
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, American Chemical Society , 2024, 128 (31), pp.13097-13107 . The analysis of the local distribution of the electric field, induced by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), is crucial for selecting the morphology of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for specific applications. The reported study is based on an LSPR-induced near-field two-photon photopolymerization (NF2P) reaction. The initiation of NF2P is triggered by LSPR-enhanced near-field light, while in the far-field, oxygen inhibits this reaction. The spatial extent of the NF2P reaction is compared to the local electric field distribution depending on AuNP morphologies, established by numerical simulations. Overall, our results demonstrate that the photopolymerization is not only driven by the local near-field enhancement but also strongly depends on the topologies of nano-object, and the photopolymerization extension was more confined in anisotropic and sharp structures compared to isotropic ones. Additionally, we showcased its capability to confine polymerization reactions within nanoscale volumes with the possibility of controlling the localization of polymer lobes at a single triangle apex, for instance, via light polarization. (10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c03148)
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c03148
The Role of Tidal Mixing in Shaping Early Eocene Deep Ocean Circulation and Oxygenation
- Ladant Jean-Baptiste
- Millot‐Weil Jeanne
- de Lavergne Casimir
- Green J. A. Mattias
- Nguyen Sébastien
- Donnadieu Yannick
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union , 2024, 39 (7), pp.e2023PA004822 . Abstract Diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior is largely fueled by internal tides. Mixing schemes that represent the breaking of internal tides are now routinely included in ocean and earth system models applied to the modern and future. However, this is more rarely the case in climate simulations of deep‐time intervals of the Earth, for which estimates of the energy dissipated by the tides are not always available. Here, we present and analyze two IPSL‐CM5A2 earth system model simulations of the Early Eocene made under the framework of DeepMIP. One simulation includes mixing by locally dissipating internal tides, while the other does not. We show how the inclusion of tidal mixing alters the shape of the deep ocean circulation, and thereby of large‐scale biogeochemical patterns, in particular oxygen distributions. In our simulations, the absence of tidal mixing leads to a relatively stagnant and poorly ventilated deep ocean in the North Atlantic, which promotes the development of a basin‐scale pool of oxygen‐deficient waters, at the limit of complete anoxia. The absence of large‐scale anoxic records in the deep ocean after the Cretaceous anoxic events suggests that such an ocean state most likely did not occur at any time across the Paleogene. This highlights how crucial it is for climate models applied to the deep‐time to integrate the spatial variability of tidally driven mixing as well as the potential of using biogeochemical models to exclude aberrant dynamical model states. (10.1029/2023pa004822)
DOI : 10.1029/2023pa004822
Sea surface acidification events in the Andaman Sea associated with the last Toba volcanic activity
- Alves Ana
- Buisson Matthieu Paulhac
- Louvat Pascale
- Rollion-Bard Claire
- Bassinot Franck
- Gray William Robert
- Paris Guillaume
- Caron Benoît
- Del Manzo Giulia
- Le Friant Anne
- Moreno Eva
- Bartolini Annachiara
Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier , 2024, 237, pp.104460 . To date, little is known about the impact of super-eruptions on ocean biogeochemistry. Using boron isotopes ratios measured on planktonic foraminifera in the marine sediment core BAR94–25, we provide a high-resolution pH record in the Andaman Sea (North of Sumatra), spanning Marine Isotopic Stage 5 to 3. This transition encompasses the super-eruption of the Toba volcano, 74,000 years ago, making it possible to decipher the potential impact of the super-eruption emissions on the ocean pH for the first time. Our results show that inferred foraminiferal pH values generally follow those predicted by glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. However, several abrupt pH drops coincide with Toba ash deposition. This suggests the occurrence of acidification events possibly related to Toba volcanic sulphur emission episodes. These pH drops are followed by anomalous pH increases, possibly relating to localised increases in seawater alkalinity following the alteration of large ash deposits on land. (10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104460)
DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104460
Temporal fragmentation of the energy demand in Europe: Impact of climate change on the maneuverability of energy system
- Filahi Hajar
- Omrani Hiba
- Claudel Sandra
- Drobinski Philippe
Climate services, Elsevier , 2024, 34, pp.100469 . The energy demand in Europe is projected to be affected by climate change in the future. The heating needs are expected to decrease while the cooling needs are expected to increase.The study investigates the impact of climate change on the temporal fragmentation of heating and to a lesser extent cooling needs and its implication on the energy power system. Ten bias-corrected and downscaled simulations from CMIP6 at 25 25 km2 horizontal resolution over Europe have been used to estimate change in heating and cooling energy needs under four anthropogenic scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), using heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) as proxies. Consistent with already published literature, here updated using the last CMIP6 simulation ensemble, the results show a large decrease of HDD over Europe and an increase of CDD under all scenarios. However, the study goes one step further by showing a fragmentation of the periods of heating needs during winter in the future which can potentially lead to a fragmentation of heating energy demand. In the worst-case scenario, periods of heating needs could be separated by up to 7 days, 9 times per winter. The cooling needs in summer are expected to be more frequent and last longer compared to the present climate. The fragmentation of temperature-sensitive energy needs for heating and to a lesser extent for cooling are expected to have an operational and economical impact on the balancing of the energy system. (10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100469)
DOI : 10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100469
Sonohydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A and its phase transformation into sodalite
- Nzodom Djozing William'S
- Valange Sabine
- Nikitenko Sergey
- Chave Tony
Dalton Transactions, Royal Society of Chemistry , 2024, 2024 . The sonohydrothermal (SHT) treatment is an innovative technique allowing the simultaneous coupling of low frequency ultrasound and hydrothermal conditions for the synthesis of materials. The aim of the present work was to investigate, for the first time, the synthesis of zeolite A and its formation mechanism under SHT conditions. The zeolite synthesis was carried out under sonohydrothermal conditions using a specially designed reactor that allows the application of ultrasonic irradiation at 20 kHz in an autoclave-type reactor heated up to 200 °C under autogenous pressure. The conversion kinetics of the amorphous hydrogel to zeolite A and its further conversion to sodalite were studied. Syntheses were performed in the SHT reactor at 80 and 100 °C, varying the synthesis time from 15 minutes to several hours. The required time to obtain fully crystalline zeolite A under sonohydrothermal conditions was only 25 minutes, highlighting a significantly improved crystallization rate compared to silent conditions (a 9.6-fold kinetic gain). In addition, the resulting zeolite A has smaller particles and a more homogeneous particle size distribution than the zeolite synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. These results can be explained by the sonofragmentation of the amorphous gel and the concomitant enhanced mass transfer of the building units at the interface between the crystallite surface and the solution resulting from the acoustic cavitation activity under SHT conditions. Compared to classical hydrothermal heating, a drastic kinetic increase of the transformation of zeolite A into the more stable sodalite phase was also observed under sonohydrothermal conditions. (10.1039/d4dt01943a)
DOI : 10.1039/d4dt01943a
Light-independent regulation of algal photoprotection by CO2 availability
- Águila Ruiz-Sola M.
- Flori Serena
- Yuan Yizhong
- Villain Gaelle
- Sanz-Luque Emanuel
- Redekop Petra
- Tokutsu Ryutaro
- Küken Anika
- Tsichla Angeliki
- Kepesidis Georgios
- Allorent Guillaume
- Arend Marius
- Iacono Fabrizio
- Finazzi Giovanni
- Hippler Michael
- Nikoloski Zoran
- Minagawa Jun
- Grossman Arthur R
- Petroutsos Dimitris
Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2023, 14 (1), pp.1977 . Photosynthetic algae have evolved mechanisms to cope with suboptimal light and CO 2 conditions. When light energy exceeds CO 2 fixation capacity, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii activates photoprotection, mediated by LHCSR1/3 and PSBS, and the CO 2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM). How light and CO 2 signals converge to regulate these processes remains unclear. Here, we show that excess light activates photoprotection- and CCM-related genes by altering intracellular CO 2 concentrations and that depletion of CO 2 drives these responses, even in total darkness. High CO 2 levels, derived from respiration or impaired photosynthetic fixation, repress LHCSR3 /CCM genes while stabilizing the LHCSR1 protein. Finally, we show that the CCM regulator CIA5 also regulates photoprotection, controlling LHCSR3 and PSBS transcript accumulation while inhibiting LHCSR1 protein accumulation. This work has allowed us to dissect the effect of CO 2 and light on CCM and photoprotection, demonstrating that light often indirectly affects these processes by impacting intracellular CO 2 levels. (10.1038/s41467-023-37800-6)
DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-37800-6
Widening the landscape of transcriptional regulation of green algal photoprotection
- Arend Marius
- Yuan Yizhong
- Ruiz-Sola M Águila
- Omranian Nooshin
- Nikoloski Zoran
- Petroutsos Dimitris
Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group , 2023, 14 (1), pp.2687 . Abstract Availability of light and CO 2 , substrates of microalgae photosynthesis, is frequently far from optimal. Microalgae activate photoprotection under strong light, to prevent oxidative damage, and the CO 2 Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) under low CO 2 , to raise intracellular CO 2 levels. The two processes are interconnected; yet, the underlying transcriptional regulators remain largely unknown. Employing a large transcriptomic data compendium of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii’s responses to different light and carbon supply, we reconstruct a consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network from complementary inference approaches and use it to elucidate transcriptional regulators of photoprotection. We show that the CCM regulator LCR1 also controls photoprotection, and that QER7, a Squamosa Binding Protein, suppresses photoprotection- and CCM-gene expression under the control of the blue light photoreceptor Phototropin. By demonstrating the existence of regulatory hubs that channel light- and CO 2 -mediated signals into a common response, our study provides an accessible resource to dissect gene expression regulation in this microalga. (10.1038/s41467-023-38183-4)
DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-38183-4
Scalable Generation of Pre‐Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids
- Escudero Mélanie
- Vaysse Laurence
- Eke Gozde
- Peyrou Marion
- Villarroya Francesc
- Bonnel Sophie
- Boyer Louisa
- Vieu Christophe
- Chaput Benoit
- Yao Xi
- Deschaseaux Frédéric
- Parny Mélissa
- Raymond-Letron Isabelle
- Dani Christian
- Carrière Audrey
- Malaquin Laurent
- Casteilla Louis
Advanced Science, Wiley Open Access , 2023, 10 (31), pp.e2301499 . Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming a global sociobiomedical burden. Beige adipocytes are emerging as key inducible actors and putative relevant therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health. However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. Unlike traditional bottom‐up engineering approaches that aim to generate building blocks, here a scalable system is proposed to generate pre‐vascularized and functional human beige adipose tissue organoids using the human stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissue as a source of adipose and endothelial progenitors. This engineered method uses a defined biomechanical and chemical environment using tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway inhibition and specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) embedding parameters to promote the self‐organization of spheroids in GelMA hydrogel, facilitating beige adipogenesis and vascularization. The resulting vascularized organoids display key features of native beige adipose tissue including inducible Uncoupling Protein‐1 (UCP1) expression, increased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and batokines secretion. The controlled assembly of spheroids allows to translate organoid morphogenesis to a macroscopic scale, generating vascularized centimeter‐scale beige adipose micro‐tissues. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing in vitro human beige adipose tissue models and facilitates broad applications ranging from basic research to biotherapies. (10.1002/advs.202301499)
DOI : 10.1002/advs.202301499
Gas-particle partitioning of toluene oxidation products: an experimental and modeling study
- Lannuque Victor
- d'Anna Barbara
- Kostenidou Evangelia
- Couvidat Florian
- Martinez-Valiente Alvaro
- Eichler Philipp
- Wisthaler Armin
- Müller Markus
- Temime-Roussel Brice
- Valorso Richard
- Sartelet Karine
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, European Geosciences Union , 2023, 332, pp.121955 . The higher concentrations of atmospheric particles, such as black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), detected in streets compared to the urban background are predominantly attributed to road traffic. The integration of this source of pollutant in air quality models nevertheless entails a high degree of uncertainty and some other sources may be missing. Through sensitivity scenarios, the impacts on pollutant concentrations of sensitivities related to traffic and road-asphalt emissions are evaluated. The 3D Eulerian model POLAIR3D and the street network model MUNICH are applied to simulate various scenarios and their impacts at the regional and local scales. They are coupled with the modular box model SSH-aerosol to represent formation and aging of primary and secondary gas and particles. Traffic emissions are calculated with the COPERT methodology. Using recent volatile organic compound speciations for light vehicles with more detailed information pertaining to intermediate, semi-and low-volatile organic compounds (I/S/LVOCs) leads to limited reductions of OM concentrations (10% in streets). Changing the method of estimating I/S/LVOC emissions leads to an average reduction of 60% at emission and a decrease of the OM concentrations of 27% at the local scale. An increase in 219% of BC emissions from tire wear, consistent with the uncertainties found in the literature, doubles the BC concentrations at the local scale, which remain underestimated compared to observations. I/S/LVOC emissions are several orders of magnitude higher when considering emissions from road asphalt due to pavement heating and exposure to sunlight. However, simulated concentrations of PM at the local scale remain within acceptable ranges compared to observations. These results suggest that more information is needed on I/S/LVOCs and non-exhaust sources (tire, brake and road abrasion) that impact the particle concentration. Furthermore, currently unconsidered emission sources such as road asphalt may have non-negligible impacts on pollutant concentrations in streets. ✩ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Admir Créso Targino. (10.5194/egusphere-2023-1290)
DOI : 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1290
Chlorhexidine digluconate exerts bactericidal activity vs Gram positive Staphylococci with bioelectrocatalytic compatibility: High level disinfection for implantable biofuel cells
- Berezovska Anastasiia
- Meiller Anne
- Marinesco Stéphane
- Nedellec Yannig
- Giroud Fabien
- Gross Andrew J.
- Cosnier Serge
Bioelectrochemistry, Elsevier , 2023, 152, pp.108435 . Implanted devices destined for contact with sterile body tissues, vasculature or fluids should be free of any microbial contamination that could lead to disease transmission. The disinfection and sterilisation of implantable biofuel cells is a challenging and largely overlooked subject due to the incompatibility of fragile biocatalytic components with classical treatments. Here we report the development of a convenient "soft" chemical treatment based on immersion of enzymatic bioelectrodes and biofuel cells in dilute aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate (CHx). We show that immersion treatment in a 0.5 % solution of CHx for 5 min is sufficient to remove 10-6 log colony forming units of Staphylococcus hominis after 26 h while shorter treatments are less effective. Treatments with 0.2 % CHx solutions were ineffective. Bioelectrocatalytic half-cell voltammetry revealed no loss in activity at the bioanode after the bactericidal treatment, while the cathode was less tolerant. A maximum power output loss of ca. 10 % for the glucose/O2 biofuel cell was observed following the 5 min CHx treatment, while the dialysis bag had a significant negative impact on the power output. Finally, we report a proof-of-concept in vivo operation for 4 days of a CHx-treated biofuel cell with a 3D printed holder and additional porous surgical tissue interface. Further assessments are necessary to rigorously validate sterilisation, biocompatibility and tissue response performance. (10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108435)
DOI : 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108435
Wind power predictions from nowcasts to 4-hour forecasts: a learning approach with variable selection
- Bouche Dimitri
- Flamary Rémi
- D’alché-Buc Florence
- Plougonven Riwal
- Clausel Marianne
- Badosa Jordi
- Drobinski Philippe
Renewable Energy, Elsevier , 2023, 211, pp.938-947 . We study short-term prediction of wind speed and wind power (every 10 minutes up to 4 hours ahead). Accurate forecasts for these quantities are crucial to mitigate the negative effects of wind farms' intermittent production on energy systems and markets. We use machine learning to combine outputs from numerical weather prediction models with local observations. The former provide valuable information on higher scales dynamics while the latter gives the model fresher and location-specific data. So as to make the results usable for practitioners, we focus on well-known methods which can handle a high volume of data. We study first variable selection using both a linear technique and a nonlinear one. Then we exploit these results to forecast wind speed and wind power still with an emphasis on linear models versus nonlinear ones. For the wind power prediction, we also compare the indirect approach (wind speed predictions passed through a power curve) and the indirect one (directly predict wind power). (10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.005)
DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.005